On September 3, 2025, Beijing’s Tiananmen Square was a stage for one of the most significant geopolitical spectacles in recent memory. Chinese President Xi Jinping, flanked by Russia’s Vladimir Putin and North Korea’s Kim Jong Un, presided over China’s largest-ever military parade, marking the 80th anniversary of Japan’s surrender in World War II. The event wasn’t just a commemoration—it was a bold statement. Xi’s speech, delivered to over 50,000 spectators, underscored a stark choice: peace or war, dialogue or confrontation. But what did this display of military might, attended by controversial world leaders, really mean for global politics? Let’s dive into the layers of this historic moment.
The Stage: Tiananmen Square’s Grand Spectacle
Tiananmen Square, steeped in historical and political significance, was transformed into a showcase of China’s military prowess and diplomatic clout. The parade featured cutting-edge weaponry, synchronized troop formations, and a carefully curated guest list. It was a visual and symbolic feast, with 80,000 doves and balloons released to signal peace—ironic, given the nuclear missiles rolling by.
A Choreographed Display of Power
The 70-minute parade was a masterclass in precision. Fighter jets roared overhead, tanks rumbled down Chang’an Avenue, and advanced drones glinted in the sun. Xi, dressed in a Mao-style tunic, reviewed troops from an open-top limousine, exuding authority. This wasn’t just a parade; it was a message to the world: China is a force to be reckoned with.
The Guest List: A Diplomatic Power Play
The presence of Putin and Kim, alongside leaders from Iran, Myanmar, and others, was no accident. With Western leaders largely absent, Xi positioned himself as the leader of an alternative global order. The image of these three men walking the red carpet together sent shockwaves, signaling a united front against Western influence.
Xi Jinping’s Message: Peace or War?
Xi’s speech was a blend of historical reflection and forward-looking ambition. He spoke of China’s sacrifices during World War II, framing the nation as a defender of justice. Yet, his repeated emphasis on a “choice between peace and war” carried a dual edge—both a call for cooperation and a warning of China’s readiness to confront challenges.
The Historical Context
Xi tied the parade to China’s “War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression,” emphasizing national pride and resilience. By invoking this history, he reinforced the Communist Party’s narrative of leading China from humiliation to global prominence. It’s a story that resonates deeply with the Chinese public.
A Veiled Warning to the West
Xi’s remarks about standing firm against “bullies” were a not-so-subtle jab at the United States and its allies. With tensions over trade tariffs and regional disputes, his words suggested China’s unwillingness to bow to external pressure. The parade’s military hardware underscored this defiance.
The Geopolitical Implications: An “Axis of Upheaval”?
The image of Xi, Putin, and Kim together sparked talk of an “Axis of Upheaval,” a term coined by analysts to describe this emerging bloc. Their alignment challenges the U.S.-led world order, raising questions about global stability. But how deep does this alliance go, and what does it mean for the future?
China’s Growing Military Might
China’s parade showcased an arsenal designed to rival the West:
- DF-61 Intercontinental Ballistic Missile: Capable of striking global targets.
- YJ-21 Hypersonic Missiles: A game-changer for naval warfare.
- HSU100 Underwater Drones: Massive, AI-equipped, and stealthy.
- Laser Weapons: Both ship- and land-based, signaling advanced tech.
These advancements highlight China’s military modernization, a priority under Xi’s leadership. The People’s Liberation Army (PLA) is now the world’s largest navy, with billions invested in cutting-edge tech.
The China-Russia-North Korea Triangle
The trio’s public appearance was historic. Putin praised North Korean troops fighting in Ukraine, while Kim called it his “fraternal duty” to support Russia. China, while claiming neutrality, has bolstered Russia’s economy through energy deals and dual-use tech. This triangle is less a formal alliance and more a strategic alignment against Western sanctions.
Comparison: China’s Parade vs. Western Military Displays
| Aspect | China’s 2025 Parade | Western Military Displays (e.g., U.S.) |
|---|---|---|
| Scale | 50,000+ spectators, 10,000 troops | Smaller, often ceremonial |
| Purpose | Geopolitical signaling, national pride | Commemoration, less diplomatic focus |
| Guest List | Authoritarian leaders, few Western allies | Allied nations, democratic leaders |
| Weaponry | Hypersonic missiles, drones, lasers | Conventional arms, less emphasis on new tech |
| Global Reaction | Mixed: awe and concern | Generally positive, less scrutinized |
This table highlights China’s unique approach: a blend of military showmanship and diplomatic posturing that sets it apart from Western displays.
The Global Reaction: From Trump to Taiwan
The parade didn’t go unnoticed. U.S. President Donald Trump took to Truth Social, sarcastically offering “warmest regards” to Xi, Putin, and Kim, accusing them of conspiring against America. The Kremlin dismissed this as irony, but the message was clear: tensions are high.
Trump’s Response: A Mix of Humor and Heat
Trump’s posts were a blend of bravado and grievance. He highlighted America’s role in World War II, implying Xi overlooked it. Yet, he downplayed the parade’s threat, claiming a “very good relationship” with Xi. This contradiction reflects the complex U.S.-China dynamic.
Taiwan’s Rebuke
Taiwan’s President Lai Ching-te dismissed the parade, stating, “Taiwan cherishes peace, and we don’t commemorate it with the barrel of a gun.” Taipei views China’s narrative as a distortion, emphasizing that the Republic of China, not the Communist Party, led the fight against Japan.
Europe’s Concerns
EU foreign policy chief Kaja Kallas called the trio’s meeting a “direct challenge” to the rules-based international order. Analysts like Wen-Ti Sung noted China’s willingness to stand by sanctioned leaders, signaling defiance.
The Symbolism: Doves, Balloons, and Nuclear Missiles
The parade’s optics were striking. After showcasing weapons capable of global destruction, China released 80,000 doves and balloons as symbols of peace. This juxtaposition—military might paired with peaceful gestures—encapsulated Xi’s message: strength ensures peace.
The Role of Propaganda
The event was drenched in symbolism. Helicopters flew banners proclaiming “Justice Will Prevail” and “Peace Will Prevail.” Xi’s speech, broadcast on giant screens, reinforced the Communist Party’s narrative of national rejuvenation. It was a rally for domestic pride as much as a global statement.
A Personal Reflection
I remember watching a military parade in my hometown years ago—nothing on this scale, but the pride and awe were palpable. Seeing China’s display, I couldn’t help but feel a mix of admiration and unease. The precision was mesmerizing, but the underlying tensions were hard to ignore. It’s like watching a chess game where every move feels like it could tip the board.
Pros and Cons of China’s Military Parade
Pros:
- National Unity: Bolsters domestic pride and Communist Party legitimacy.
- Global Influence: Positions China as a leader of the Global South.
- Military Modernization: Showcases technological advancements, deterring rivals.
- Diplomatic Clout: Attracts leaders from non-Western nations, signaling alliances.
Cons:
- Geopolitical Tensions: Risks escalating conflicts with the West.
- Domestic Costs: Massive expense diverts resources from social programs.
- Isolation from West: Absence of Western leaders highlights global divides.
- Mixed Messaging: Peace rhetoric clashes with military displays, confusing intent.
People Also Ask (PAA) Section
Why did Xi Jinping hold a military parade in 2025?
Xi used the parade to commemorate the 80th anniversary of Japan’s defeat in World War II, showcasing China’s military strength and diplomatic influence. It was a strategic move to rally domestic support and signal defiance to the West.
Who attended China’s 2025 military parade?
The parade was attended by leaders like Vladimir Putin, Kim Jong Un, Iran’s Masoud Pezeshkian, and Myanmar’s Min Aung Hlaing. Western leaders were notably absent, highlighting China’s alignment with non-Western nations.
What weapons were displayed at the parade?
China unveiled hypersonic missiles, the DF-61 intercontinental ballistic missile, laser weapons, and large underwater drones like the HSU100. These showcased the PLA’s modernization and global reach.
How did the U.S. react to the parade?
President Trump posted on Truth Social, accusing Xi, Putin, and Kim of conspiring against the U.S. while also downplaying the event’s threat. The mixed response reflected complex U.S.-China relations.
The Bigger Picture: A New World Order?
Xi’s parade wasn’t just about military hardware—it was a declaration of intent. By aligning with Putin and Kim, China is positioning itself as a counterweight to the U.S.-led order. The absence of Western leaders and the presence of sanctioned ones underscored this shift.
China’s Vision for Global Leadership
Xi’s speeches, both at the parade and a prior Tianjin summit, emphasized a “new world order” free from “hegemonism.” This vision appeals to the Global South, frustrated by Western sanctions and trade policies. China’s growing navy and economic clout back this ambition.
Limits of the Alliance
Despite the optics, this “Axis of Upheaval” has cracks. China lacks formal military alliances beyond North Korea, unlike NATO’s cohesive structure. Russia’s reliance on China risks making it a junior partner, while North Korea’s unpredictability complicates matters.
Informational Content: What Was the Parade About?
The parade commemorated the 80th anniversary of Japan’s surrender, officially marking China’s “Victory Day” in the “War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression.” It featured 10,000 troops, advanced weaponry, and a diplomatic showcase, with Xi emphasizing peace through strength. The event was both a historical nod and a geopolitical flex, aimed at domestic and international audiences.
Navigational Content: Where to Learn More
To dive deeper into China’s military advancements or global diplomacy:
- Official Sources: Visit Xinhua News for China’s perspective.
- Global Analysis: Check BBC News or Reuters for balanced coverage.
- Military Insights: The Institute for Peace Research and Security Policy offers detailed reports on weaponry.
Transactional Content: Best Tools for Staying Informed
To track global events like this parade:
- News Aggregators: Apps like Feedly or Google News curate reliable sources.
- Geopolitical Podcasts: Try “The Diplomat” or “War on the Rocks” for expert analysis.
- Social Media Monitoring: Tools like TweetDeck help follow real-time reactions on platforms like X.
FAQ Section
What was the purpose of China’s 2025 military parade?
The parade marked the 80th anniversary of Japan’s defeat in World War II, showcasing China’s military strength and diplomatic alliances. It aimed to boost national pride and signal China’s global influence.
Why were Putin and Kim Jong Un at the parade?
Their presence highlighted China’s strategic alignment with Russia and North Korea, forming a counterweight to Western influence. It was a diplomatic win for Xi, showcasing his influence over sanctioned leaders.
Did Western leaders attend the parade?
No, most Western leaders skipped the event due to tensions over Russia’s war in Ukraine and North Korea’s nuclear ambitions. Only a few, like Australia’s Daniel Andrews, were present.
How did Xi Jinping frame the parade’s message?
Xi emphasized a choice between peace and war, urging nations to work together while showcasing China’s military might. He framed China as a defender of justice, unyielding to external pressures.
What new weapons were unveiled?
The parade featured the DF-61 missile, YJ-21 hypersonic missiles, laser weapons, and HSU100 underwater drones, signaling China’s technological advancements.
A Final Thought
As the doves soared over Tiananmen Square, I couldn’t shake the feeling that this parade was a turning point. Xi’s message—peace through strength—resonates in a world teetering between cooperation and conflict. Whether this display unites or divides, one thing is clear: China is ready to shape the global stage. Will it lead to peace, as Xi claims, or set the stage for new confrontations? Only time will tell, but the world is watching.
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